City on the German-Belgian border; former capital of the Carolingian Empire. The delegation sent by Charlemagne to thecaliph Harun al-Rashid in 797 included a Jew Isaac who probably acted as interpreter or guide and subsequently reportedback to Aachen. Jewish merchants were active in Aachen by about 820. ...
Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle; in Jewish sources: אש, אכא, אייש) in Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik (eds.): Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., vol.1, p. 207. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007.
Canton of northern Switzerland. A few Jewish families are known to have lived there during the Middle Ages. From the 17th to the mid-19th centuries Aargauremained the sole area of permanent Jewish settlement in Switzerland; Jews lived in the two communities of Endingen and Lengnau and it was they who waged the struggle for Jewish emancipation in Switzerland. ...
Aargau in Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik (eds.): Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., vol.1, p. 207. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007.
U.S. rabbi. Aaron was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, but at the age of 16 moved to Cincinnati to join the first class of students entering the Hebrew Union College. There was little in his background to suggest a rabbinical career. He attended public schools and his parents were immigrants from Hesse-Darmstadt, where his father had served as a junior officer in the military. ...
Aaron, Israel (1859–1912) in Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik (eds.): Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., vol.1, p. 211. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007.